聚碳硅烷纤维的不熔化处理研究(Ⅱ)─-放大工艺的研究

采用熔融纺丝法纺出连续PCS纤维束,研究了升温制度、纤维装填量以及过热现象等因素对PCS纤维不熔化结果的影响,探讨了不熔化工艺的优化。结果表明,低温段慢速升温,中温段延长保温时间,高温段进一步强化的升温制度是比较合理的。纤维装填质量及密度增大到一定程度后,会因散热不利而引起急剧高温,导致纤维的熔并。急剧放热引起纤维结构的变化较大,而且内部纤维与表层纤维的反应程度不同。     

一种民机装饰用阻燃复合材料的研究

酚醛树脂是一种自身具有较好阻燃性能的树脂 ,但是它的固化产物性脆 ,固化工艺性较差 ,因而其用途受到了一定的限制。本文对酚醛树脂进行了改性 ,并制成玻璃纤维 /酚醛复合材料。重点对该复合材料进行了燃烧性能、烟密度、氧指数和燃烧后所析放的气体等进行了实验 ,并采用红外光谱、热失重动力学和扫描电镜等方法对其阻燃机理进行了分析。同时对其力学性能还进行了研究。结果表明 ,这种改性酚醛树脂体系的复合材料不仅具有非常好的阻燃性能 ,而且还有良好的力学特性 ,可用作民机内装饰材料     

新型环氧-酚醛树脂体系的固砂原理与技术

为了在低成本下解决低温油井中的化学防砂问题,采用共混的方法制备了一种以环氧树脂和酚醛树脂为主要原料,且无需其他固化剂的新型树脂固砂剂,并在固砂剂的研究基础上初步研制了树脂涂覆砂.通过红外光谱分析,研究了树脂固化的机理.实验结果表明,固砂剂可在50?℃的水浴中将砂石固结,固结砂样具有较高的抗压强度和渗透率,而且随着树脂用量的增加,固结砂样的抗压强度可以进一步得到提高.涂覆砂可以在酚醛树脂作为外固化剂的情况下固结,其性能满足使用要求.酚醛树脂中的酚羟基和羟甲基与环氧树脂中的环氧基的反应是固化反应的主要机理.     

纤维/树脂浸润测试仪的研制与应用

针对复合材料成型工艺的特点,依据毛细原理,研制了浸润性能测试仪.该测试仪包括浸润质量测试系统与温度控制系统,能够定量测试在较宽的温度范围内发生浸润的速率和浸润程度.对该测试仪的准确性与稳定性进行了校准与标定,并运用该仪器研究了纤维种类、树脂粘度和纤维体积含量对树脂/纤维浸润性能的影响规律.研究结果表明该设备为研究各类复合材料中增强材料与基体间的浸润性能提供了方便的测试手段,对指导复合材料制备工艺具有较高的参考价值.     

Research of Optical Fiber Coil Winding Model Based on Large-deformation Theory of Elasticity and Its Application

Optical fiber coil winding model is used to guide proper and high precision coil winding for fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) application. Based on the large-deformation theory of elasticity, stress analysis of optical fiber free end has been made and balance equation of infinitesimal fiber is deduced, then deformation equation is derived by substituting terminal conditions. On condition that only axial tensile force exists, approximate curve equation has been built in small angle deformation scope. The comparison of tangent point longitudinal coordinate result between theory and approximation gives constant of integration, and expression with tangent point as origin of coordinate is readjusted. Analyzing the winding parameters of an example, it is clear that the horizontal distance from the highest point of wheel to fiber tangent point has millimeter order of magnitude and significant difference with fiber tension variation, and maintains invariant when wheel radius changes. The height of tension and accurate position of tangent point are defined for proper fiber guide. For application to fiber optic gyroscope, spiral-disc winding method and nonideal deformation of straddle section are analyzed, and then spiral-disc quadrupole pattern winding method has been introduced and realized by winding system. The winding results approve that the winding model is applicable.     

Multi-objective optimization of different dome reinforcement methods for composite cases

A multi-objective optimization method was proposed for different dome reinforcement methods of a filament-wound solid rocket motor composite case based on a Radial Basis Function (RBF) model. Progressive damage of the composite case was considered in a simulation based on Hashin failure criteria, and simulation results were validated by hydraulic burst tests to precisely predict the failure mode, failure position, and burst pressure. An RBF surrogate model was established and evaluated by Relative Average Absolute Error (RAAE), Relative Maximum Absolute Error (RMAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R² methods to improve the optimization efficient of dome reinforcement. In addition, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) was employed to establish multi-objective optimization models of variable-angle and variable-polar-radius dome reinforcements to investigate the coupling effect of the reinforcement angle, reinforcement layers, and reinforcement range on the case performance. Optimal reinforcement parameters were obtained and used to establish a progressive damage model of the composite case with dome reinforcement. In accordance with progressive damage analysis, the burst pressure and performance factor were obtained. Results illustrated that variable-angle dome reinforcement was the optimal reinforcement method compared with variable-polar-radius dome reinforcement as it could not only ensure the reinforcement angle’s continuous changing but also decrease the mass of composite materials. Compared with the unreinforced case, the reinforced case exhibited an increase in the burst pressure and performance factor of 36.1% and 23.5%, respectively.     

具有光纤神经系统的新颖复合材料结构的发展及展望

本文综合介绍了近年来国外迅速发展的具有光纤神经系统的新颖复合材料结构的研究成果及发展趋势。提出了埋设于复合材料内部的光纤系统将成为未来飞行器结构的“神经网络系统”而使结构成为“智能结构”等新概念。文章较详细地阐述了这种新颖结构在制造和使用过程中在应变、变形、固化、损伤、疲劳等检测方面的具体应用及发展趋势。     

新型三维织物夹芯复合材料的制备及其力学性能

以玻璃纤维为原料,采用特殊的三维织造工艺,织制经向剖面为矩形的新型三维夹芯织物。以环氧树脂E-51、9055型固化剂组成树脂基体体系,采用手糊成型工艺将上述机织物复合制成三维织物夹芯复合材料。对高度为10、20及30 mm的三维织物夹芯复合材料的力学性能进行研究,重点分析夹芯层高度对材料压缩与弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:随着夹芯层高度的增加,材料的压缩强度与模量逐渐下降,弯曲强度逐渐上升,弯曲模量逐渐下降,其中纬向弯曲强度明显大于经向。     

一种潜伏性无卤阻燃中温固化环氧树脂体系

选用双氰胺和UR500为固化体系,自制阻燃剂M,制备一种预浸料用潜伏性无卤阻燃中温固化环氧树脂体系。结果表明,该树脂体系室温下储存期超过30 d,固化后力学性能优良,拉伸性能可达66. 5MPa,弯曲强度可达133 MPa,冲击强度可达10. 7 kJ/m2,阻燃防火性能优异,氧指数高达33. 1%,垂直燃烧满足UL-V0级,且可离火自熄。扫描电镜和热分析的结果表明,该体系优异的阻燃性能主要源于其燃烧后所成碳层的隔热隔氧作用。     

含硼氧化铝基陶瓷连续纤维的制备技术

针对我国对氧化铝基陶瓷连续纤维的研制需求,通过溶胶-凝胶法结合干法纺丝制备了含硼氧化铝基陶瓷连续纤维,主要研究了纺丝助剂含量对溶胶可纺性的影响以及纤维陶瓷化过程中物相及微观结构的演变规律。结果表明:当纺丝助剂PVA含量为1.5%时,通过干法纺丝得到的含硼氧化铝基凝胶连续纤维可达1.8 km,将凝胶纤维进行陶瓷化后形成的陶瓷连续纤维直径均匀,为12～14μm,经1 000℃烧结后纤维主晶相为γ-Al2O3,具有优异的力学性能,拉伸强度和模量分别可达2.0 GPa和149 GPa,在1 100℃煅烧1 h后纤维强度保留率可达93%,在航空航天及先进制造业等领域具有潜在的应用前景。